Geology

More than 30,000 liters/sec. of spring water discharge along the eastern part of foothills of the Brooks Range, North Slope, Alaska. These springs flow all year around and cover wide areas with aufeis every winter. Aufeis is among the biggest temporary storage of freshwater during winter period (more than 8 months). This study examines the historical volume of the aufeis using aerial photographs and satellites imagery as well as MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS).  The energy balance of the aufeis is also an important parameter for estimating perennial aufeis formations. We estimate the Holocene ice volume of aufeis using CaCO3 deposits in the soil. Carbonate material distributions and 13C isotope enrichment signals are indicative of the area occupied by aufeis. Thermal enrichment of the 13C spring water was around 0 to -2 permil at the Hulahula River aufeis area. The 13C isotope of the area immediately outside the aufeis field is around –25 permil and is also very low in carbonate content.  The isotope distributions reveal the Quaternary history of the springs’ discharge and temperature. Some carbonate deposits indicate aufeis fields were much bigger in the past, caused by more limited sublimation and reduced thawing during the summer. Some of the aufeis would be able to survive during Last Glacial Maximum.