Please review GOLDEN RICE by Aaron Brown (Kotzebue, AK)

Turn in a review sheet (2 pts; due Monday 11/13/00) .

1. Know how the structure of glycogen relates to its metabolic function (What is the significance of the type of glycosidic bonds, branching, and the fact that it is a polymer of glucose).
2. Know the function of the three enzymes of glycogenolysis (glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen debranching enzyme and phosphoglucomutase).
3. Know that glycogen synthesis requires a different pathway catalyzed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogen synthase (adds glucose (glycosyl) units to the nonreducing ends of a growing glycogen molecule), and glycogen branching enzyme.
4. Describe i). how covalent modification (phosphorylation) of glycogen phosphorylase shifts the enzyme from the active R state to the inactive T state, much like an allosteric effector; ii). how allosteric effectors can stabilize or destabilize the conformation induced by covalent modification. Give specific examples of how allosteric effectors influence conformation and activity of glycogen phosphorylase a and b.
5. Know the roles of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (cAPK), phosphorylase kinase and glycogen phosphorylase in amplifying the signal to liberate glucose (Fig. 15-12; Guided Exploration 13: Control of Glycogen Metabolism). This is a classic example of signal amplification via covalent modification (phosphorylation).
6. Describe the opposing effects of phosphorylation on the activities of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase.
7. Describe the hormonal control of glycogen metabolism (Fig. 15-21).
8. Consider the role of enzymes in glycogen metabolism in light of glycogen storage diseases (pg. 448).