Know that translation translates the genetic code (nucleic acids) into proteins (amino acids).
Explain how 4 mRNA bases (U,C,G,A,) can code for 20 amino acids.
Know what codons and anticodons are.
If given a sequence of DNA or mRNA be able to determine the corresponding sequence of amino acids using table 23.3 (pg. 652).
Know that polysomes are aggregates of ribosomes bound to 1 strand of mRNA (because many ribosomes work at the same time, proteins are synthesized rapidly)!
Know that DNA mutations (spontaneous or due to heat, radiation or chemicals) are perpetuated by DNA replication and are thus inherited!