International Polar Year 2007-2008
To facilitate the submission of arctic social science and humanities proposals to the International Council for Science (ICSU) for prospective endorsement as IPY projects, IASSA has launched an initiative to create a vigorous exchange of ideas, discussion, and active communication. The following was submitted to IASSA on its form at IASSA IPY Facilitation Initiative:

Gary Kofinas and Don Russell: Starting the Clock of The CARMA Network: Impacts on Human- Rangifer Systems in the Circumarctic
Brief description of project:
Presently there are over 4 million wild and 1.8 million domestic reindeer and caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ) inhabiting the arctic and sub-arctic regions of the earth. This keystone species has and continues to be of high economic and cultural value to nearly every indigenous group of the Arctic. Recent profound occurring in the North have the potential to jeopardize the relationship between Rangifer , the land, and the northern peoples, a relationship forged over countless generations.

CARMA map

In November 2004, a concerned circumpolar group of social scientists, ecologists and biologists, abiotic specialists, indigenous leaders, and resource managers met in Vancouver, Canada to officially launch an organization to track and assess the impacts of change in Human-Rangifer Systems. This group, The CARMA Network ( Circum Arctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (www.rangifer.net/CARMA), defined a mission:

Through cooperation, both geographically and across disciplines, monitor and assess the impacts of global change on the Human-Rangifer System across the Circumarctic .

The CARMA Network will operate with the following principles:

  • Keep it simple
  • Stay relevant to real-world problems.
  • Focus initially on wild Rangifer populations and human communities that use the Rangifer resource.
  • Build on existing monitoring and assessment programs.
  • Include and integrate local knowledge, industry studies, field-based biological studies, and remote sensing research.
  • Serve as a central depository for historical and current information on indicators.
  • Provide annual analysis of relevant indicators across the Circumpolar North.
  • Provide a forum for developing and using standardized protocols for collecting, documenting, and assembling indicators.
  • Provide annual “value-added” indicators that all regions can share.
  • Use a comparative approach to answer research questions and advance common understanding of the Arctic System.
  • Serve as a resource for policy makers facing regional decisions related to Human- Rangifer Systems.

At present our knowledge of many of the Arctic’s significant Rangifer populations is fragmentary and the relationship among the peoples dependant upon these populations is largely undocumented. Therefore, the CARMA Network proposes an IPY initiative that launches an extensive two-year coordinated monitoring program that will provide a solid baseline of information on representative Rangifer populations and the human communities dependent upon them.

We consider such a project as process of “starting the clock” across the North, where information gathering is coordinated and comparable, where protocols are standardized, tested and utilized. At the completion of the project, the CARMA Network will produce a comprehensive comparative analysis of circumarctic Rangifer populations which will be the tangible legacy upon which the CARMA Network can develop into the 21 st Century.

Objectives of Proposed project:

•  Support the development, design, testing and implementation of standardize protocols to assess the impacts of global change on the human/ Rangifer system,

•  Facilitate two years of standardized monitoring (using protocols developed in objective 1) across the circumarctic,

•  Facilitate the exchange of community representatives to compare observations and experiences across regions,

•  Produce a circumpolar assessment and status of human/ Rangifer systems, highlighting stressors and vulnerabilities, and

•  Report on the evaluation of the project to the CARMA Network, with recommendations on goals and strategies for the next decade

Project Approach and Schedule:
The CARMA Network IPY Initiative will facilitate a coordinated monitoring effort over a two-year period , focusing on the status of Rangifer populations, their health, range conditions, and the relationship between Rangifer and humans dependent upon them. Our approach will be to:

March 2005-2006:

•  Engage CARMA partners to define a standard set of indicators spanning the range from satellite-based to community-based

•  Identify critical questions worthy of analysis in the CARMA process

•  Conduct an assessment on the current status and past trends related to these indicators,

March 2006-2007

•  Test the collection and analysis protocols in a few locations

•  Assemble, analyze, and report on these collections, refining where necessary;

March 2007-2009 (IPY YEARS)

•  Annually, conduct a coordinated collection project, so that all partners are collecting the same indicators in a standardized manner.

•  Conduct intensive comparative studies to generate generalizable findings about Human- Rangifer Systems

•  Facilitate annual exchange of community representatives (hunters and herders) to compare observations and experiences among regions.

Fit with IPY themes, objectives and criteria:
The CARMA Project falls within 4 of the 6 theme areas.

Status : the project will result in a comprehensive assessment of the status of Rangifer populations and their utilization across the circumarctic.

Change : the focus of the Network, and thus of the project, will be to monitor, assess and communicate the impacts of global change on the human/ Rangifer system.

Global linkages : Our approach in the CARMA Network is multi-disciplinary and multi-scale, examining change at the global scale and impacts down to the community level.

Human dimension : CARMA is concerned with the impacts on the entire human/ Rangifer system.

The CARMA project will meet all of the criteria proposed by the IPY organizers.

Makes significant advances within one or more IPY themes : the CARMA project addresses 4 of the 6 themes (detailed above).

Involves at least one polar region and takes place within the IPY timeframe : The intensive project will take place within the IPY timeframe and will occur in all circumpolar countries

Contributes to international collaboration that could include nations not traditionally involved in polar research : The project includes collaboration among all circumarctic countries

Presents a viable management plan and organizational structure, including a time line when commitments (funding, logistics, etc.) can be expected : The project will be coordinated by the United States and Canada with an International Steering Committee overseeing the implementation of the project.

Presents a viable approach for securing funding : The budget section outlines a rough breakdown of the cost of the project. The CARMA Steering Committee, representing the circumpolar countries, will submit the proposal to their respective countries as a collaborative IPY project. Costs associated with each countries participation will be obtained through the specific country. Coordination, analysis and reporting costs will be sought from the coordinating countries.

Proposes a viable plan for securing appropriate logistical support : Countries will be responsible for the logistical support to carry out the monitoring activities

Commits to the principles and aims of IPY data management and proposes a viable data management plan : Data management will be an important element of the CARMA Network. Prior to the commencement of the IPY project, we will have a data management protocol which will allow for easy storage, access and dissemination.

Proposes a viable plan or approach for education, outreach and communication activities : A major component of this project will be the active participation of local communities, with a communication and education plan to be developed. The experiences and observations of participants will be shared among communities within the exchange subcomponent of the project.

Shows how it will foster the next generation of polar researchers : We envision that the project will require the help of 2-3 post-docs and 2 graduate students. As well, capacity will be built within the communities to assist in the monitoring activities which will extend beyond the timeframe of IPY.

Provides the opportunity for legacy infrastructure (observation sites, facilities, systems ) The primary purpose of the project is to solidify the CARMA Network. As a result of the project CARMA will be better able to effectively monitor the impacts of global change on the human/ Rangifer system well beyond the IPY timeframe.

Builds on existing plans, programs or initiatives or, at least, does not conflict with them : This project will greatly enhance the capability of the existing CARMA Network to measure change and assess impacts beyond the IPY timeframe.

Have interdisciplinary elements (team, project, etc.) : An essential component of the CARMA Network is that only through interdisciplinary cooperation can we adequately assess global change impacts on the human/ Rangifer system.

Is “endorsed” by one or more National Committees : With this proposal, we are seeking endorsement from the Canadian/US National IPY Committees.

Infrastructure, Logistic Requirements, Budget:
We propose that each participating country support all in-country activities and also make a contribution to program coordination where possible. We also propose that Canada and the USA serve as coordinating organizations, with the Environment Canada and the University of Alaska Fairbanks acting as the coordinating institutions within those countries. We anticipate an operating budget for coordination activities of approximately US$1.2 million per year for the two years of the program , supporting graduate students, support staff, and web-based interactions.

Name of Co-PIs and Contact Information:
The project will be managed in Canada and the Unites States. Contact information is:

Don Russell, Manager,
Circumpolar Global Change Program
Environment Canada
91780 Alaska Highway, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 5B7
don.russell@ec.gc.ca
867-393-6801 (phone)
867-393-7970 (fax)

Dr. Gary Kofinas, Assistant Professor
Institute of Arctic Biology and School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000
ffgpk@uaf.edu
907-474-7078 (phone)
907-474-6967 (fax)

CARMA Network Executive Steering Committee
Coordinators: Don Russell (EC – Canada), Gary Kofinas (UAF – U. S.), Joan Eamer (GRID Arendal - Norway)

Bio Steering Committee: Rolf Langvatn – Co-Chair (Norway), Anne Gunn – Co - Chair (GNWT – Canada)

Community Steering Committee: John Mameamsum – Chair (Naskapi, Quebec)

Remote Sensing Steering Committee: Brad Griffith – Chair (UAF – U.S.)

CARMA Network Partners (participating members and those invited to workshop):

Name of organization

countries

Type

Alaska Department of Fish and Game

USA

Agency / government

Arctic Borderlands Ecological Knowledge Co-operative

Canada and USA

Regional / indigenous-state partnership

Arctic Centre, University of Lapland

Finland

university

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (invited)

USA

agency

Bathurst Caribou Management Planning Committee (invited)

Canada

Regional / indigenous-state partnership

Beverly Qamanirjuaq Caribou Management Board

Canada

Regional / indigenous-state partnership

British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection

Canada

agency

Directorate for Nature Management, Norway (invited)

Norway

agency

Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service

Canada

agency

Environment Canada, Meteorological Service

Canada

agency

Extreme North Agricultural Research Institute, Russia

Russia

research

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Environment and Conservation

Canada

agency

Government of Northwest Territories, Department of Renewable Resources and Economic Development

Canada

agency

Government of Nunavut, Nunavut Wildlife Service, Department of Sustainable Development (invited)

Canada

agency

Greenland Institute of Natural Resources

Greenland

research

Hunting, Fishing, Trapping Coordinating Committee, James Bay Agreement

Canada

regional / indigenous-state partnership

Makivik Corporation, Quebec (invited)

Canada

indigenous

Maniilaq Association, Alaska (invited)

USA

indigenous

Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

Canada

indigenous

North Slope Borough, Wildlife Department

USA

agency / indigenous

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (invited)

Norway

agency

Parks Canada (invited)

Canada

agency

Porcupine Caribou Management Board

Canada

regional / indigenous-state partnership

Québec Ministry of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Parks (invited)

Canada

agency

Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone

Russia

research

Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (invited)

Russia

indigenous

Russian Union of Reindeer Herders (invited)

Russia

indigenous

St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Geography

Russia

university

The University Centre in Svalbard

Norway

university

United States Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit

USA

agency

United States Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center (invited)

USA

agency

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology

USA

university

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Reindeer Research Program

USA

university

University of British Columbia, Department of Geography

Canada

university

University of Colorado at Boulder, National Snow and Ice Data Center/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (invited)

USA

university

University of Manitoba, Natural Resource Institute

Canada

university

University of Saskatchewan, Western College of Veterinary Medicine

Canada

university

University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Sciences

USA

Western Arctic Herd Working Group (invited)

USA

regional / stakeholder partnership

Yukon Department of the Environment

USA

agency


Sincere thanks to the U.S. National Science Foundation for support for the IASSA IPY facilitation initiative.

Questions? Contact Anne Sudkamp at <fyiassa@uaf.edu>.

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